IPCC

Roadmap to Achieve Emission Pathways Consistent with 1.5°C Global Warming:

• Immediate Action (2023 – 2030):
  
  • Implement aggressive strategies for CO2 emissions reduction, aiming for a 45% reduction from 2010 levels by 2030.
  • Initiate and expand broad mitigation measures in the energy sector to significantly reduce non-CO2 emissions, including methane and black carbon.
  • Implement targeted non-CO2 mitigation measures to reduce emissions from agriculture and waste sectors.
  • Promote and incentivize renewable energy sources and energy efficiency measures in all sectors.

• Medium-term Action (2031 – 2050):
  
  • Continue and intensify efforts to decarbonize all sectors, aiming for global net anthropogenic CO2 emissions to reach net zero by 2050.
  • Balance the energy and resource intensity with the rate of decarbonization, considering different portfolios of mitigation measures.
  • Implement effective carbon dioxide removal technologies and strategies at a large scale.
  • Continue to manage and reduce non-CO2 emissions, aiming for a 35% or more reduction in emissions of methane and black carbon by 2050 relative to 2010 levels.
  • Develop and implement appropriate management approaches to prevent high bioenergy demand from increasing nitrous oxide emissions.

• Long-term Action (2051 – 2070 and beyond):
  
  • Continue monitoring and adjusting efforts to ensure global warming is limited to 1.5°C with no or limited overshoot.
  • Address any remaining CO2 emissions and work towards negative emissions by enhancing carbon sinks.
  • Maintain rapid and far-reaching transitions in energy, land, urban and infrastructure, and industrial systems. This includes transitioning to sustainable and resilient infrastructures and urban systems.
  • Regularly re-evaluate and adjust the portfolio of mitigation options, striking a balance between the challenges, potential synergies, and trade-offs with sustainable development.
  • Develop strategies to manage potential additional carbon release from future permafrost thawing and methane release from wetlands.
  • Exclude the implementation of Solar Radiation Modification (SRM) measures due to the large uncertainties, risks, and constraints related to governance, ethics, and sustainable development.

Throughout all stages, it is important to build public awareness and support for these actions, promote international cooperation, provide regulatory and financial incentives for clean technologies and practices, and ensure that policies and measures are socially and economically just, leading to sustainable development.

1. Energy Systems Transition (C.2.2):

• Accelerate the shift to renewable energy sources. Prioritize policy incentives and investment in renewable energy technologies, aiming for 70-85% of the electricity to be supplied by renewables by 2050.
• Promote energy efficiency across all sectors, with emphasis on improving the efficiency of electricity use.
• Invest in research and development (R&D) to improve and scale up Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology, targeting a share of 8% (3–11% interquartile range) of global electricity to be generated by gas with CCS by 2050.
• Incentivize the development and use of nuclear energy while ensuring safety measures.
• Encourage electrification across all sectors, including industry, transport, and buildings.

2. Industrial Emissions Reduction (C.2.3):

• Implement policy measures and standards to encourage the adoption of energy-efficient and low-emission technologies and practices in industries.
• Promote the use of sustainable bio-based feedstocks and product substitution.
• Encourage large-scale deployment of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS), while addressing economic, financial, human capacity, and institutional constraints.
• Collaborate with industries for R&D in new and existing technologies to reduce CO2 emissions.

3. Urban and Infrastructure Systems Transition (C.2.4):

• Promote urban planning practices that consider climate impacts and emissions reductions.
• Enhance emissions reduction in transport and buildings with a higher emphasis than in 2°C pathways.
• Implement energy efficiency measures in buildings and transport, targeting an electricity share of 55–75% in 2050 for buildings and a 35–65% share of low-emission energy in transport.
• Overcome economic, institutional, and socio-cultural barriers through education, public awareness campaigns, and stakeholder engagement.

4. Land Use Transitions (C.2.5):

• Encourage sustainable land-use practices, ecosystem restoration, and resource-efficient diets to limit the demand for land.
• Promote afforestation and reduce deforestation.
• Implement appropriate policies and incentives to manage the trade-offs between the various demands on land, including food production, bioenergy, carbon storage, and biodiversity.

5. Financing the Transitions (C.2.6):

• Generate funds for additional annual energy-related investments (around 830 billion USD2010 annually), which are necessary for the transition to a 1.5°C pathway.
• Increase total annual energy supply investments to 1460 to 3510 billion USD2010 and total annual average energy demand investments to 640 to 910 billion USD2010 for the period 2016 to 2050.
• Upscale annual investments in low-carbon energy technologies and energy efficiency by roughly a factor of six (range of factor of 4 to 10) by 2050 compared to 2015.

6. Economic Assessment and Mitigation (C.2.7):

• Encourage economic studies and assessments to estimate the marginal abatement costs and total mitigation costs in the economy for 1.5°C mitigation pathways.
• Develop policies and strategies based on these economic assessments to efficiently manage the higher costs associated with limiting global warming to 1.5°C compared to 2°C.

Note: The roadmap provided is a high-level plan and the specific actions would vary significantly by region, country, and local context. The implementation of this roadmap requires global cooperation, strong political will, and public support. In addition, scientific and technological innovation will be key to achieving the outlined goals.